PHP Operators
Operators are symbols that are used to perform certain operations on variables and values using operators.
For example, the subtraction ( – ) symbol is an operator that tells PHP to subtract two variables or values, while the greater-than ( > ) symbol is an operator that tells PHP to compare two values.
PHP divides the operators in the following form:
- PHP Arithmetic operators
- PHP Assignment operators
- PHP Comparison operators
- PHP Increment/Decrement operators
- PHP Logical operators
- PHP String operators
- PHP Array operators
- PHP Conditional assignment operators
1.PHP Arithmetic operators
The arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetical actions, like as addition, subtraction, multiplication etc. Let’s see a complete list of PHP’s arithmetic operators given below:
| Operator | Description | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
+ |
Addition | $a + $b |
Sum of $a and $b |
- |
Subtraction | $a - $b |
Difference of $a and $b. |
* |
Multiplication | $a * $b |
Product of $a and $b. |
/ |
Division | $a / $b |
Quotient of $a and $b |
% |
Modulus | $a % $b |
Remainder of $a divided by $b |
The following example will show you these arithmetic operators in action:
Example
<?php $x = 10; $y = 4; echo($a + $b); // 0utputs: 14 echo($a - $b); // 0utputs: 6 echo($a * $b); // 0utputs: 40 echo($a / $b); // 0utputs: 2.5 echo($a % $b); // 0utputs: 2 ?>
2. PHP Assignment Operators
The PHP assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.The basic assignment operator in PHP is “=” .
| Operator | Description | Example | Same As |
|---|---|---|---|
= |
Assign | $a = $b |
$a = $b |
+= |
Add and assign | $a += $b |
$a = $a + $b |
-= |
Subtract and assign | $a -= $b |
$a = $a - $b |
*= |
Multiply and assign | $a *= $b |
$a = $a * $b |
/= |
Divide and assign quotient | $a /= $b |
$a = $a / $b |
%= |
Divide and assign modulus | $a %= $b |
$a = $a % $b |
The following example will show you all Assignment operators in action:
Example
<?php $a = 100; echo $a; // Outputs: 100 $a = 200; $a += 30; echo $a; // Outputs: 230 $a = 40; $a -= 20; echo $a; // Outputs: 20 $a = 10; $a *= 25; echo $a; // Outputs: 250 $a = 50; $a /= 10; echo $a; // Outputs: 5 $a = 100; $a %= 15; echo $a; // Outputs: 10 ?>
3. PHP Comparison operators
The PHP comparison operators are used to compare two values (number or string):
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
== |
Equal | $a == $b |
True if $a is equal to $b |
=== |
Identical | $a === $b |
True if $a is equal to $b, and they are of the same type |
!= |
Not equal | $a != $b |
True if $a is not equal to $b |
<> |
Not equal | $a <> $b |
True if $a is not equal to $b |
!== |
Not identical | $a !== $b |
True if $a is not equal to $b, or they are not of the same type |
< |
Less than | $a < $b |
True if $a is less than $b |
> |
Greater than | $a > $b |
True if $a is greater than $b |
>= |
Greater than or equal to | $a >= $b |
True if $a is greater than or equal to $b |
<= |
Less than or equal to | $a <= $b |
True if $a is less than or equal to $b |
The following example will show you Comparison operators in action:
Example
<?php $a = 25; $y = 35; $z = "25"; var_dump($a == $c); // Outputs: boolean true var_dump($a === $c); // Outputs: boolean false var_dump($a != $b); // Outputs: boolean true var_dump($a !== $c); // Outputs: boolean true var_dump($a < $b); // Outputs: boolean true var_dump($a > $b); // Outputs: boolean false var_dump($a <= $b); // Outputs: boolean true var_dump($a >= $b); // Outputs: boolean false ?>
4. PHP Increment/Decrement operators
The PHP increment/decrement operators are used to increment and decrement a variable’s value.
| Operator | Name | Results |
|---|---|---|
++$a |
Pre-increment | Increments $a by one, then returns $a |
$a++ |
Post-increment | Returns $a, then increments $a by one |
--$a |
Pre-decrement | Decrements $a by one, then returns $a |
$a-- |
Post-decrement | Returns $a, then decrements $a by one |
The following example will show you Increment/Decrement operators in action:
Example
<?php $x = 10; echo ++$x; // Outputs: 11 echo $x; // Outputs: 11 $x = 10; echo $x++; // Outputs: 10 echo $x; // Outputs: 11 $x = 10; echo --$x; // Outputs: 9 echo $x; // Outputs: 9 $x = 10; echo $x--; // Outputs: 10 echo $x; // Outputs: 9 ?>
5. PHP Logical Operators
The PHP logical operators are mostly used to combine conditional statements.
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
and |
And | $a and $b |
True if both $a and $b are true |
or |
Or | $a or $b |
True if either $a or $b is true |
xor |
Xor | $a xor $a |
True if either $a or $b is true, but not both |
&& |
And | $a && $b |
True if both $a and $b are true |
|| |
Or | $a || $b |
True if either $$a or $b is true |
! |
Not | !$a |
True if $a is not true |
The following example will show you Logical Operators operators in action:
Example
<?php
$year = 2019;
// Leap years are divisible by 400 or by 4 but not 100
if(($year % 400 == 0) || (($year % 100 != 0) && ($year % 4 == 0))){
echo "$year is a leap year.";
} else{
echo "$year is not a leap year.";
}
?>
Output:
6. PHP String operators
In PHP String operators are follow two operators which are specifically designed for strings.
| Operator | Description | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
. |
Concatenation | $str1 . $str2 |
Concatenation of $str1 and $str2 |
.= |
Concatenation assignment | $str1 .= $str2 |
Appends the $str2 to the $str1 |
The following example will show you String Operators operators in action:
Example
<?php $a = "Good"; $b = " Morning!"; echo $a . $b; // Outputs: Good Morning $a .= $b; echo $a; // Outputs: Good Morning! ?>
Output:
Good Morning
7. PHP Array operators
These array operators are used to compare arrays:
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
+ |
Union | $a + $b |
Union of $a and $b |
== |
Equality | $a == $b |
True if $a and $b have the same key/value pairs |
=== |
Identity | $a === $b |
True if $a and $b have the same key/value pairs in the same order and of the same types |
!= |
Inequality | $a != $b |
True if $a is not equal to $b |
<> |
Inequality | $a <> $b |
True if $a is not equal to $b |
!== |
Non-identity | $a !== $b |
True if $a is not identical to $b |
The following example will show you Array Operators operators in action:
Example
<?php
$x = array("a" => "Red", "b" => "Green", "c" => "Blue");
$y = array("u" => "Yellow", "v" => "Orange", "w" => "Pink");
$z = $x + $y; // Union of $x and $y
var_dump($z);
var_dump($x == $y); // Outputs: boolean false
var_dump($x === $y); // Outputs: boolean false
var_dump($x != $y); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x <> $y); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x !== $y); // Outputs: boolean true
?>